Thursday, December 10, 2009

Machine Learning for Public Health

How could machine learning benefit our world. One example I hear today is to use computer simulation to guide the decision of vaccination.

H1N1 epidemic simulation.

One problem that the CDC (center of disease control) faces is "who should get vaccinated to mitigate the outspread of H1N1". Though counter intuitive, having everyone vaccinated may not always be the optimal solution. Here are the reasons
1) Flu vaccine production and deployment costs.
2) The protection is limited and decay with time.
3) People of various age and disease come with different RISK of infection.
Through computer simulation with different parameters (who to be vaccinated), CDC is able to find the best tradeoff only to vaccine certain high-risk people. The effect of other intervention such as school-closure could also be determined.

Tuesday, December 01, 2009

La Jolla Seals in the Children's Swimming Pool.

La Jolla Coves有Seals的人工興建的小海灣,一直以來是觀光客來到SD不會錯過的景點。

然而這個小海灣,最早是1931年由UCSD海洋學院(SIO)的創辦人Ellen Browning Scripps將土地信託給市政府,言明作為公園及兒童游泳池。於是政府就依約興建了游泳池,此地成為假日家庭休閒的場所,好景持續了六十年。結果到了1992年這個游泳池漸漸的開始被Seals給攻佔,成為他們繁衍後代的地方。一開始是seal數量不多,所以大家共用游泳池,後來Seal越來越多,水質開始充斥著排泄物等等,小朋友就不敢在下去了。1997年泳池關閉。

自那時開始,居民就分成兩派,一方式支持保護Seal, 另一方認為應該把Seal趕走,還原兒童游泳池原來的功能。雙方攻防爭辯不斷,還分別成立了網站: http://www.lajollafriendsoftheseals.org/ 及http://www.friendsofthechildrenspool.com/ 。

一直到了2004年,事情有了變化。 有個叫做O'Sullivan的倒楣人在Coves附近游泳的時候,被開了一張罰單,原因是因為干擾Seals. 他一狀告上了法院,認為政府沒有好好執行Scripps女士的信託。結果一審及獲得勝訴。法院下令政府得把Seals趕走,恢復兒童泳池。但是因為政府一直沒錢修建泳池,所以整個事情就一拖再托。此間法院的又在兩個決定間反覆多次,事情遲遲沒有解決。

後來有兩件決定性的事件扭轉了情勢。 首先是在2007, 聖地牙哥選區的參議員Keho女士,提出了新法案允許市政府不遵守當初Scripps女士的信託,自行決定Seal去留。於是召開公聽會,最後加州高等法院(Superior Court)法官Timothy Taylor宣判Seal得以留下,該區成立生態保護區。

整件事情自始算是落幕。